Lateral Ankle Sprain Injury Health And Social Care Essay

Horizontal Ankle Sprain Injury Health And Social Care Essay The point of this exposition is to give an accurate report and assessment of the ramifications of a parallel lower leg sprain and the pathopysiological forms that might be included. This examination talks about the social and mental elements that may affect on the patients experience of such wounds, featuring the significance of . The accompanying contextual analysis on Mr Attallah Khan gives a stage to talk about introducing biopsychosocial factors that should be viewed as when contriving an administration plan. Mr Khan hyper-extended his lower leg while partaking in a three legged race. He turned over on his correct lower leg encountering exceptional torment with powerlessness to tolerate weight. The primary structures inside the lower leg that would be influenced in this sort of injury would be the three principle parallel tendons that help to forestall the lower leg structure moving forward and outward along with the muscles of the horizontal compartment, peroneus longus and peroneus brevis.( re the front talofibular tendon, the back tablofibular tendon and the calcaneofibular tendon.) Hubbard T, Wikstrom E, expresses that foremost talofibular tendons (ATFL), answered to be the most fragile is the main tendon harmed. This is trailed by calcaneofibular tendon (PTFL) lastly to the back talofibular tendon (PTFL). X-beams of right lower leg demonstrated no cracks. Mr Khan is seven days post injury and at sub intense degree of aggravation. The subacute stage is when recuperating and fix happens. Because of the aggravation Mr Khan has encountered irritation and expanding that causes him a ton of inconvenience toward the day's end. He utilizes the prop to assist him with getting about yet thinks that its troublesome overseeing steps and moving around the workplace. Hubbard T, Wikstrom E expresses that so as to recapture dependability of the lower leg joint, prompt consideration and restoration should concentrate on upgrading tendon recuperating. 2. Mr Khan lives with his better half and two kids. He has been as of late elevated to Partner in a city law office. He is genuinely dynamic and appreciates family exercises, for example, playing with the youngsters and family strolls. Mr Khan may feel huge weight and tension to continue with his ordinary every day obligations at home and at work in spite of his physical issue. He experiences strain migraines which might be a consequence of overwhelming work pressures because of his requesting position, for this he takes ibuprofen. Despite the fact that Mr Khan takes for his cerebral pains it might hinder the recuperating of the harmed tendons. NSAIDs work by repressing the creation of prostaglandins, substances that are associated with torment and furthermore in the production of collagen Warden S.J et al ( 2009) Collagen is the key component of most tissues and without prostaglandins collagen can't be made which will prevent the fix of the tissue. By taking such painkillers Mr Khan may proceed with day by day obligations without the signs of torment bringing about further injury to the influenced territory. Mr Khan additionally keeps on working and needs to likewise drive to the city and gatherings, this absence of rest and weight bearing on the lower leg may additionally defer the recuperating procedure. Mr Khan has pending designs to make a trip in four months to America and afterward to Pakistan this will make a speedy recuperation his fundamental need. Mr Khan is an effective expert, clever and exceptionally persuaded. In light of this (Hegna T, Sveram M 1990) states that it is essential to structure a restoration plan that may impact inspiration during recuperation and it is important to attempt to recognize which variables excite every individual inspiration with the goal that procedures can be utilized to improve it. All together give a fruitful arrangement to restoration it is important to set attainable, sensible objectives in accordance with Mr Khan wanted result which to walk again uninhibited by agony or expanding. To accomplish full consistence may end up being extremely troublesome however the specialist being viewed as the expert whose job is to assist patients with accomplishing their target may advance patient adherence. In Mr Khans case the administration plan must incorporate useful exercises that are intended to start full recuperation of the injury which will thusly permit Mr Khan to move on. The executives of Mr Khans parallel tendon injury will include assurance, rest, ice ,pressure and rise (PRICE) and capacity recovery ie. Early preparation with help states Mattacola G, Dwyer K (2002). Research shows that early activation of the joint will invigorate collagen group direction and thusly animate mending. The essential objective for Mr Khan is to deal with the agony, control the aggravation and ensure the joint so recuperating can occur. Hubbard T, Wikstrom E, (2010). express that in the intense phases of mending it is essential to secure the horizontal tendon of the lower leg in light of the fact that the harm caused would have caused expanded laxity. Assurance is required with lower leg supporting to forestall re-injury while the tendon recuperates. Rest is an important component to Mr Khans plan, this may anyway be hard to implement as Mr Khan is an extremely dynamic man and may feel it important to put his treatment plan optional to his family and work responsibiliti es. Authorization of this standard may require conversations with Mr Khan so as to distinguish the components that may ruin him from completely resting his lower leg, this may likewise require the management and participation of the remainder of his family. Variables to consider might be his outstanding task at hand as another accomplice in the specialists firm in which he works, along with the way that the moving of steps with a bolster to get to his office is demonstrating hard for him. This may require a brief movement of his office to the ground floor or a time of working at home until Mr Khan can hold up under weight on the lower leg. Mr Khan is an insightful man and needs to value the rationale in the exercises he has been approached to do. It is significant for the restoration intend to reflect Mr Khans targets yet similarly as significant is the prerequisite for Mr Khan to collaborate and completely grasp the arrangement with the end goal for it to be effective. Mr Khan shou ld likewise hoist the lower leg to lessen the expanding which will bring about less torment; an ice pressure will likewise aid this procedure. With less torment present Mr Khan may start to participate in delicate assembly procedures driving onto practices that reestablish movement and quality generally inside 48 to 72 hours of injury. It is crucial that the patient has total certainty and have a getting that in the event that they collaborate and consent to each phase of the arrangement it will in the end lead to a fruitful result. Splitting the restoration into transient objectives, for example, diminishing the irritation bringing about less torment advancing to long haul objectives will permit both patient and professional to screen and measure the accomplishment of the treatment and make changes where fundamental. At the point when momentary objectives are practiced this at that point gives consolation and inspiration to future stages in the treatment. Mr Khan must gets that on the off chance that the irritation is first tended to and managed, at that point the agony will die down prompting expanded scope of movement and joint dependability, in this manner prompting an arrival of exercises of day by day living (ADL). Patients can become rebellious to treatment plan on the off chance that they don't value the judiciousness behind what they are approached to do. Ley. P. (1988) states that by Improving correspondence by either expanding the measure of data gave or by utilizing unique methods can regularly prompted expanded getting, review and fulfillment. Mr Khan is restless and baffled with his physical issue and feels that it is a hindrance to satisfying the responsibilities he faces in view of this it is critical to clarify why it is important to connect with to the treatment and inability to do so may prompt a deferred recuperation, that may keep him from not just proceeding in his end of the week strolls with the family yet in addition may bring about him dropping his expected itinerary items. The Biopsychosocial model of wellbeing best fits this case as it is essential to consider the organic, mental and socio-social components encompassing Mr Khans case. By not concentrating on the injury in segregation yet considering Mr Khans way of life, outlook, duties, training, impression of control and his definitive objectives, an exact feasible treatment plan can be conceived to help reestablish him back to full, torment free portability yet to his job in the public arena as a spouse, father and legal advisor.

Leprechauns Dont Play Basketball Essay Example For Students

Leprechauns Dont Play Basketball Essay Leprechauns Dont Play BasketballJanuary 6, 2000Leprechauns Dont Play BasketballDebbie Dadey Marcia Thornton JonesLetter #4Dear Mrs. Schafer:The book Leprechauns Dont Play Basketball, is awesome. It is around four children that are attempting to see whether their educator is actually a vampier and if their P.E. sub is actually a leprechaun. Howies grandmother is from Ireland, so he figured she would know a little about leprechauns. They discover that leprechauns must be away for three days. Likewise, that the leprechauns took a pin from the vampier and afterward the vampier got it back, so now the leprechauns are attempting to get the green pin. Their instructor Mrs. Jeepers is the vampier who took the green pin and is wearing it around her neck, and Mr. OGrady the P.E. sub is attempting to get it. At last, toward the end he doesnt get it and leaves and he says that the school isn't large enough for a leprechaun and a vampier. My response to this book was, I truly thought it was acceptable. I adored this book since it was anything but difficult to peruse and comprehend. I would prescribe this book to individuals who like short books. My preferred part was when Howie and them were conversing with his grandmother. The writer didn't utilize any writting styles. My preferred character was Eddie. I loved the manner in which he played the entirety of his viable jokes. I figure I would of responded to the contention the equivalent, since I would of helped my homeroom educator before my P.E. educator.

How to Sell Books Online With Online Prof Readers Services

How to Sell Books Online With Online Prof Readers ServicesIf you are planning to set up a bookstore or want to sell your books online, you need to have lots of books and you need to have good books. There are lots of options for how to find the best kind of books, but first you need to get to know what to look for in books online.First of all, you need to know what kind of books you will be selling. There are lots of books that can be sold online, but you need to know which books you are going to be selling. This will allow you to choose which books you want to sell.Be sure to know what you are going to offer on your books. If you are offering books on cooking, for example, you should be sure that there are lots of different books out there on the market for you to choose from. Also, make sure that you put in plenty of information about your products. Put in details about the books you are selling, the pricing of the books, the book description, and even if you would like to add a fr ee ebook or an audio file.You also need to choose the right platform for selling your books. There are sites where you can sell your books, and some of them are free. This means that you need to know if the site is reliable and if it is secure.If you are going to sell more than one book, you will need to figure out if you need to split the cost of setting up the accounts. You will need to find out if you need to pay a fee every month for storage space, an accounting system, or some other mechanism. Sometimes, when you want to sell more than one book, you will need to pay more, depending on the number of books you sell.You also need to pay attention to the quality of the books you sell. You should check out the quality of the books that you sell. Make sure that the books you sell have been properly printed and well proofread.Having good quality books is a necessity if you want to use online prof readers' services. If you want to sell books online, you should know that you need to hav e the proper kind of books.

CMGT 582 Week 3 Risk Management Paper 1 - 1116 Words

Risk Management Christine A. Rosario CMGT/582 3 November 4, 2014 Professor David Hatfield Asset ID Asset Name Description Asset Value Priority Threat Description Controls in Place ARO Uncertainty Risk Value Controls Needed Action Plan ID 1 IT Rep Local IT presence 55000 Critical Absence; skill short-coming; request overload Alternates / CE: .8 .1 .05 1155 Addt’l training; addt’l backups AA 2 Security Officers Facility ( People) Security 75000 Critical Absence; weapons; stealth Reliability / Alternates / CE: .9 .001 .001 7.5075 N/A BB 3 HR Rep Human Resources 60000 High Absence; unauthorized disclosures Alternates / CE: .9 .001 .001 6.006 N/A CC 4 Security Training Required, annual, security process 10000 Medium Lack†¦show more content†¦As such, our company’s people resources pose the greatest risk for security breach. Our way to help mitigate risk in this area is to keep communication lines open in this area and to continually mandate security knowledge training, with mandatory updates on a regular basis. When the employees are informed of company policy when facing a security matter, they are better equipped to act in the best or right way. In this way knowledge is power – or at least empowerment to act in the best interest of the company’s information security. Risk Assessment Insights In the table above, an Asset Inventory and Risk Assessment is displayed for our local Customer Care operations. The assets considered are our local IT representative, our contracted security officers, our local HR representative, our annually-mandated information security training, our PeopleSoft software, our networked servers, our customer services database and application, and our employee database system. The asset value for each is listed based on the annual cost to the company for one local call center operation. The IT Rep and HR Rep values are based on annual salary for having one full-time equivalent of each available Monday through Friday. The Security Officer value is based on having two-and-a-half full-timeShow MoreRelatedCmgt 582 Week 42300 Words   |  10 Pagesand Risk Management Jason Lee CMGT/582 Security amp; Ethics June 9, 2011 James Taylor Asset Inventory and Risk Management This Asset Inventory and Risk Management Plan (RMP) will address the critical assets and the risks associated with each. The project will also discuss the Risk Management (RM) activities in support of the Backlog project. The RMP will: * Be integrated into all project management activities, and encourage working-level personnel to assimilate risk management principles

Initiation Sylvia Plath Essay - 902 Words

Chantal Chau Analysis of a Key Passage, Initiation by Sylvia Plath In Initiation by Sylvia Plath, the author suggests that conformity and having friends is a wonderful idea, yet the idea of having an individual identity and being an individual is stronger. In the excerpt, Millicent is slowly realizing that conforming and being a part of a sorority is not as exciting as it sounds, and being an individual offers more opportunities to become a unique person. Millicent is an average girl who no one really notices, when one day, a sorority group decides to allow her to join, but she must past their initiation test first. At first, Millicent is ecstatic, and proud that she can finally be a part of society, but slowing, and in the beginning†¦show more content†¦In Millicent’s mind, freedom and originality is described as â€Å"swooping carefree heather birds, they would go singing and cooing out across the great spaces of air, dipping and darting, strong and proud in their freedom and their sometime loneliness†. Heather birds are a mythological animal, meaning freedom has no defined description that originality does not exist in a solid form. They are described to be â€Å"swooping, carefree†, meaning there is no worry of being judged, and â€Å"dipping and darting, strong in their freedom† describes the happiness of a worry free life, where style and opinions are not judged or withheld, unlike the  "chirping†, trapped, restrained sparrows which symbolize the sorority. Heather birds were â€Å"singing and cooing out across the great spaces of air†, showing that they could express their ideas and opinions without worry, though loneliness was a consequence. In the excerpt, it was stated that the heather birds were â€Å"strong and proud in their freedom and their sometime loneliness†, meaning that there will always be unique people in the world Millicent can relate to, though at times the individuality will stand out, and she will be alone. Through this mental debate, Millicent learns discovers that she could enter her imaginary great hall through â€Å"her coronation as a princess labelling her conclusively as one of the select flock†, or use â€Å"other ways of getting into the great hall, blazing with lights, of people andShow MoreRelatedSummary Of Sylvia Piviahs Initiation, By Sylvia Plath1248 Words   |  5 Pages 1. Summary of Sylvia Plath’s Initiation: At the start of the new school year, Millicent Arnold, a typical teenage girl, receives an invitation to join the elite and exclusive girls’ sorority at Lansing High School. Before she becomes an official member however, Millicent must demonstrate she is fit to join the sorority by finishing the initiation process: a series of ridiculous and rigorous tasks that pushes her to her limits. During a mission, Millicent discovers the nasty truth and reality ofRead MoreDeath Represenataion in Sylvia Plaths Selected Poems2941 Words   |  12 PagesDeath Representation in Sylvia Plaths Selected Poems Mohamed Fleih Hassan Instructor English Dept./ Abstract Death is one of the significant and recurrent themes in the poetry of Sylvia Plath. This paper aims at showing the poets attitudes towards death. Certain poems are selected to show the poets different attitudes to death: death as a rebirth or renewal, and death as an end. Most obvious factors shaped her attitudes towards death were the early death of her father that left her unsecuredRead MoreEssay about Symbolism Within the Bell Jar Novel1672 Words   |  7 PagesSylvia Plath’s novel, â€Å"The Bell Jar†, tells a story of a young woman’s descent into mental illness. Esther Greenwood, a 19 year old girl, struggles to find meaning within her life as she sees a distorted version of the world. In Plath’s novel, different elements and themes of symbolism are used to explain the mental downfall of the book’s main character and narrator such as cutting her off from others, forcing her to delve further into her own mind, and casting an air of negativity around her. PlathRead More Sylvia Plaths Poetry Essay2870 Words   |  12 PagesSylvia Plaths Poetry Wrapped in gaseous mystique, Sylvia Plath’s poetry has haunted enthusiastic readers since immediately after her death in February, 1963. Like her eyes, her words are sharp, apt tools which brand her message on the brains and hearts of her readers. With each reading, she initiates them forever into the shrouded, vestal clan of her own mind. How is the reader to interpret those singeing, singing words? Her work may be read as a lone monument, with no ties to the worldRead More Conflict between Individuality and Conformity in The Bell Jar2060 Words   |  9 PagesConflict between Individuality and Conformity in The Bell Jar    In Sylvia Plaths novel The Bell Jar, Esther Greenwood seems incapable of healthy relationships with other women. She is trapped in a patriarchal society with rigid expectations of womanhood. The cost of transgressing social norms is isolation, institutionalization and a lost identity as woman. The struggle for an individual identity under this regime is enough to drive a person to the verge of suicide. Given the oppressive systemRead More Comparing Female Sexuality in Sylvia Plath’s The Bell Jar and Alice Munro’s Lives of Girls and Wome2661 Words   |  11 PagesComparing Female Sexuality in Sylvia Plath’s The Bell Jar and Alice Munro’s Lives of Girls and Women In Sylvia Plath’s The Bell Jar and Alice Munro’s Lives of Girls and Women, Esther and Del try to take control of their sexuality and their sexual lives. These two female protagonists attempt to gain sexual confidence by quietly rejecting the societal images of women. They are able to seduce men and pilot their own sexual lives. These women are also able to ignore the popular beliefsRead MoreAnalysis Of Sylvia Plaths Initiation931 Words   |  4 PagesIn the short story â€Å"Initiation† by Sylvia Plath, the protagonist Millicent, a girl at Lansing High School is being tried as a member of an elite sorority. The girls must go through a week of being an older sister’s servant to be then tried on Friday at Rat Court. Only the most popular girls are accepted into the sorority. These popular girls are also the ones who get the most, popular boyfriends. Everything seems like a dream to Millicent except for the fact that her best friend Tracy wasnâ €™t evenRead More##dike, Sylvia Plath And Alice Walkers A P726 Words   |  3 Pagesa victory, and then comes home changed or transformed. Many authors, such as John Updike, Sylvia Plath, and Alice Walker, show this ideal through some of their literary works. Although they may seem different, they all have a hero trying to settle a conflict in order to reach their main goal. In each of these stories, we are able to see a change in character by the protagonist. Authors such as Updike, Plath, and Walker, use literary devices such as imagery, setting, and allusion in their storiesRead MoreAnalysis Of The Poem The Stone Boy 1954 Words   |  8 Pagescause one s shift from childhood into adulthood.Within the four short stories â€Å"Initiation†( Plath, Sylvia.) by Sylvia Plath, â€Å"Araby†(Joyce, James.) by James Joyce, â€Å" Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been† (Oates, Carol Joyce.) by Joyce Carol Oates, and â€Å"The Stone boy† (Berriault, Gin a.) by Gina Berriault, each of the authors conveyed the theme of coming of age to shed light on the varying forces that evoke one’s initiation into adulthood. These different forces lead one to change from who they onceRead MorePlaths Effective Use of Characterization in The Initiation530 Words   |  2 Pagesstory, whether it was internal or external. Conflict was necessary, because it helps develop the characterization of Millicent and other characters in the story. Characterization is necessary, because it portrays Millicent’s feelings toward the initiation and the character plot of other characters. Millicent is faced with a decision in the short story, whether to be initiated or not. The use of character plot and theme play a role in the final decision that Millicent makes. The author uses characterization

Perspective on Ageing Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary

Question: Discuss about the Perspective on Ageing for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary. Answer: Introduction: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is an obstructive lung disease which is characterized by an inadequate air flow for a long time (Pauwels et al.2012). Shortness of breath, cough with sputum production are the main characteristic of this disease. The primary cause of this disease is tobacco smoking. It gets worse over time. As a community nurse, my first duty is to provide education, support, monitoring of medication and taking of inhalers and to perform liaison with the general practitioner (Nettina et al. 2013). The nurse has to maintain good communication with the patient and patient's family. The patient should not be allowed to smoke because lungs irritant like fumes, dust, and chemicals can be severely dangerous for the patient. The nurse should be readily accessible for the patient. There always remains a chance of getting a urine infection in the patient due the use of the antibiotics; the nurse has to take care of that. The nurse should arrange energy giving diet as suggested by the dietician with the help of the family members. The patient should also be made by the nurse to do the exercise as recommended by the physiotherapist but in a less amount as high amount of exercise may be risky. The main ingredient of the efficient care that should be given to the patient is an appropriate assessment. The real progress can be achieved by engaging the patient in the management of their own care. For Mr. Brody, it is very necessary to walk until it is hard to breathe. He should increase his strength; there should be the presence of oxygen providing system so that he can be given oxygen when re requires it. Mr. Brody must always keep his quick-relief inhaler with him and use it in requirement, must sincerely take his long-term medicines every day and should practice breathing exercise. Reference: Pauwels, R.A., Buist, A.S., Calverley, P.M., Jenkins, C.R. and Hurd, S.S., 2012. Global strategy for the diagnosis, management, and prevention of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine. Nettina, S.M., Msn, A.B. and Nettina, S.M., 2013.Lippincott manual of nursing practice. Lippincott Williams Wilkins.

The Polarization of Congress an Example of the Topic Economics Essays by

The Polarization of Congress by Expert Suzzane | 26 Dec 2016 At the time Nivola and Brady were assembling the collection of essays and analyses contained in Red s Polarized Politics, it seemed as if the U.S. was more pided into two opposing, mutually hostile camps than any time since the Civil War. This pision was exacerbated by five years of one-party rule by legislators who abandoned the real social and economic concerns of the average citizens and instead served the interests of large corporations and unbridled, unchecked, predatory capitalism while publicly obsessing and involving themselves in moral issues (which in the end analysis, were meaningless), stifling all dissent and opposition and giving the executive branch unchecked power, essentially allowing it to operate outside and above the law. Need essay sample on "The Polarization of Congress" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed During that time, the gap between the rich and poor has become the widest in the industrialized world, the budget surplus left by the preceding Administration has ballooned to eight trillion dollars and rising, the U.S. has the largest prison population in the world, and the Bill of Rights has been left in tatters with the passage of the Military Commissions Act in September of 2006. Since the opposition party returned to power as a result of the mid-term elections of 2006, investigations have brought many of the crimes of this President and his enablers to light, and more are being exposed on a daily basis. For better or worse, the current Administration and its cadre which has been so successful at piding the country is re-uniting it; according to recent polls, the current President has only a 30% approval rating, and members of his own party are increasingly distancing themselves from both the executive and his policies. Nonetheless, that 30% is vehement in their continued support for Bush, and are representative of the Great pide in American society of which the essays in Red and Blue are an analysis. This pide is still seen in Congress where the votes on many issues (although significantly, not all as was the case between 2002 and 2006) are along party lines. Interestingly, in their introduction Delineating the Problem, Nivola and Galston suggest that the pide and polarization in Congress is not at all a reflection of the American electorate; in 2004, while 21 percent identified themselves as liberal and 34 percent as conservative, the majority 45% described themselves as moderates. Of these self-identified moderates, well over half voted for John Kerry in the presidential election of that year. They go on to point out that Kerry managed to (officially) carry three states in which the ballots contained initiatives to ban same-sex marriages (Bush himself had endorsed civil unions for homosexual couples during the campaign), and in fact, moral values (which among conservatives, is confined to matters of private sexual behavior) was a concern among a very small number of voters possibly as little as 14%. In chapter four, E.J. Dionne acknowledges that the religious right played a part in the 2004 election but it was only one factor among many, and not the most significant one. Many red states wound up electing Democratic governors. It would seem, as Air America talk-show host Laura Flanders has stated, that America is truly purple. The polarization of Congress of which this book is a study seems less obvious since its publication in December of 2006. As investigations by Senator Henry Waxman continue to expose criminal activity of the Bush Administration, more Republican legislators (at least those up for election in 2008) are distancing themselves from the President. Some recent legislation in Congress such as the recent war budget containing a timetable for removing U.S. troops from Iraq are finding support among members of both parties. This would never have happened in 2005. Nonetheless, much damage has been done both to the nation itself and its standing in the world due to this pide that enabled one party rule for almost half a decade. The roots of this pide go back almost forty years. The passage of the Civil Rights Act for example caused the Democratic Party which had dominated the region for nearly a century to lose power, while the Republican Party was able to tap into the regions conservatism. This forced the Democrats to consolidate their base in northern states (it is interesting to note how the most conservative regions in the country roughly follow the border of the old Confederacy). What is more telling however is Nivolas analysis of the effects of the end of the Cold War. With the collapse of the Soviet Union, the two political parties were relieved of the need to deal with foreign policy issues and had the luxury of squabbling over the domestic agenda. It has often been asked why a sexual indiscretion was grounds for impeachment of a president while leading the nation into an illegal war on false pretenses is not. Nivola suggests that had the Lewinsky scandal occurred during the Cuban missile crisis, Congress would likely have ignored the entire issue. In Chapter Five, Diana Mutz suggests (and there are many in agreement) that the mass media is to blame. Since Reagan ended the Fairness Doctrine in 1984, the Fourth Estate has largely abdicated its responsibility to provide fair and balanced news in favor of shallow, sensationalistic infotainment which has little real substance but provides a substantial revenue stream. Instead of focusing on issues, election news is reduced to little more than speculation as to who is most likely to win. Mutz also points out the popularity of political talk shows such as The OReilly Factor or Hannity and Colmes. She points out research suggesting that when viewers watch uncivil dramatic debate even when it lacks substance viewers are more likely to see the other side in a negative light. In this case, other means liberal; the one-sidedness of these shows are part of the corporate agenda to keep the money party in power by manipulation of public opinion. This possibly has more to do with the polarization we see in Congress and the nation than anything else, and is part of the overall neo-conservative agenda to end American democracy as we know it and replace it with a corporatist rule by a moneyed, oligarchic elite as it is in Mexico. 160 years ago, Alexander de Tocqueville was amazed that even rural farmers living on the U.S. frontier who had little formal education were able to discuss the politics and the issues of their time quite lucidly and intelligently. These were members of Jeffersons yeomanry the middle class, the existence of which democracy depends. Todays schools no longer teach history or civics in any meaningful way, while the obsession with standardized testing (another part of the corporate agenda) effectively kills off childrens innate love for learning. As a result, most Americans do not even know who their elected representatives are (but can probably tell you all about the Brad/Jen/Angelina saga, or Brittneys latest angst). 90% of all news outlets are controlled by five major corporations whose main priority is profit, not participation in democracy. Sadly, few Americans understand this or realize the dire economic and social consequences. If this polarization is to end, the news media must once again embrace its role as the fourth branch of government. Since these mega-corporations will not do this without being forced, Congress must return to the Fairness Doctrine, then pass legislation that will require these corporate interests to pest themselves of their media holding. If the past several years have taught us nothing else, it is that media consolidation is dangerous to democracy and must be ended. Only through lively and open debates, based on in-depth analysis of real issues can the American People hope to fully restore true democracy in this country. (Fortunately, this issue is being raised in Congress this year.) Work Cited Nivola, P.S. and D.W. Brady. Red and Blue Nation? Characteristics and Causes of America's Polarized Politics. (Washington D.C.; The Brookings Institute, 2006).